Quick Facts
-  Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
-  Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
-  Timeline: Typically 60 days
-  Right of Redemption: No
-  Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

In Connecticut, lenders may foreclose on a mortgage in default by using the judicial foreclosure process.

Judicial Foreclosure
The judicial foreclosure process in Connecticut is carried out by either strict foreclosure or a decree of sale.

With strict foreclosure, no actual foreclosure sale is held. Instead, the lender goes to court to try and obtain a court order demonstrating the borrower is in default of the mortgage. If successful, the title transfers to the lender immediately.

However, the court sets an established amount of time in which the borrower may redeem the property, but if they fail to do so, the title becomes absolute to the lender and the borrower has no longer has any claim to the property. The lender then has thirty (30) days to record a certificate of foreclosure, which must contain a description of the property, the foreclosure proceedings, the mortgage and the date the title became absolute.

With a decree of sale, the court: 1) establishes the time and manner of the sale; 2) appoints a committee to sell the property; and 3) appoints three appraisers to determine the value of the property.

The borrower may stop the foreclosure proceedings at any time before the sale by paying the balance due on the mortgage. If no such payment is made, the committee will go forward with the sale.

The lender may sue to obtain a deficiency judgment in Connecticut.

Quick Facts
-  Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
-  Primary Security Instruments: Mortgage
-  Timeline: Typically 90 days
-  Right of Redemption: No
-  Deficiency Judgments Allowed: No

In Delaware, lenders may foreclose on a mortgage in default by using the judicial foreclosure process.

Judicial Foreclosure
Lenders in Delaware are given a number of options in which they may pursue judicial foreclosure, but the most commonly used procedure is the Scire Facias.

This proceeding is quite different from other judicial foreclosures because instead of the lender having to prove the borrower is in default of the mortgage, the borrower has to prove he isn't. Although the suit to obtain an order for foreclosure is filed by the lender, the borrower must appear in court within twenty (20) days of being served a writ to provide evidence as to why the foreclosure should not take place. Unless the court is satisfied with the borrowers explanation and evidence, they will authorize a foreclosure sale.

Said sale must be conducted by the sheriff and held either at the courthouse or at the property itself at least fourteen (14) days after the notice of sale is posted on the property and in other public places throughout the county in which it is located.

The buyer has no right of redemption once the court has confirmed the sale.

Quick Facts
-  Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust, Mortgage
-  Timeline: Typically 60 days
-  Right of Redemption: None
-  Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

In Hawaii, lenders may foreclose on deeds of trusts or mortgages in default using either a judicial or non-judicial foreclosure process.

Judicial Foreclosure
The judicial process of foreclosure, which involves filing a lawsuit to obtain a court order to foreclose, is used when no power of sale is present in the mortgage or deed of trust. Generally, after the court declares a foreclosure, the property will be auctioned off to the highest bidder.

Non-Judicial Foreclosure
The non-judicial process of foreclosure is used when a power of sale clause exists in a mortgage or deed of trust. A "power of sale" clause is the clause in a deed of trust or mortgage, in which the borrower pre-authorizes the sale of property to pay off the balance on a loan in the event of the their default. In deeds of trust or mortgages where a power of sale exists, the power given to the lender to sell the property may be executed by the lender or their representative, typically referred to as the trustee. Regulations for this type of foreclosure process are outlined below in the "Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines".

Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines

If the deed of trust or mortgage contains a power of sale clause and specifies the time, place and terms of sale, then the specified procedure must be followed. Otherwise, the non-judicial power of sale foreclosure is carried out as follows:

1.       The notice of intent to foreclose must be published once a week for three (3) successive weeks, the last publication to be not less than fourteen (14) days before the day of sale, in a newspaper having a general circulation in the county in which the mortgaged property is located.

Copies of the notice must be mailed or delivered to the mortgagor, the borrower, any prior or junior creditors, the state director of taxation and any other person entitled to receive notice. Additionally, the notice must be posted on the premises not less than twenty-one (21) days before the day of sale.

Said notice must state: 1) The date, time, and place of the public sale; 2) The dates and times of the two (2) open houses of the mortgaged property, or if there will not to be any open houses, the public notice shall so state; 3) The unpaid balance of the moneys owed to the mortgagee under the mortgage agreement; 4) A description of the mortgaged property, including the address or description of the location of the mortgaged property, and the tax map key number of the mortgaged property; 5) The name of the mortgagor and the borrower; 6) the name of the lender; 7) The name of any prior or junior creditors having a recorded lien on the mortgaged property before the recordation of the notice of default; 8) The name, the address in the State, and the telephone number in the State of the person in the State conducting the public sale; and 9) The terms and conditions of the public sale.

Additional wording, as required by the State of Hawaii, may be found here.

2.       Up until three (3) days before the sale, the borrower may cure the default and stop the sale by paying the lien debt, costs and reasonable attorney's fees, unless otherwise agreed to between the lender and the borrower.

3.       The sale, which may be held no earlier than fourteen (14) days after the last ad is published, is to be made at auction to the highest bidder.

4.       Any sale, in which notice has been given, may be postponed from time to time by public announcement made by the lender or their representative.

There are no rights of redemption in Hawaii.

Quick Facts
-  Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
-  Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Primary Security Instruments: Deed of Trust
-  Timeline: Typically 150 days
-  Right of Redemption: Yes
-  Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

In Idaho, lenders may foreclose on deeds of trusts in default using the non-judicial foreclosure process.

Non-Judicial Foreclosure
The non-judicial process of foreclosure is used when a power of sale clause exists in a mortgage or deed of trust. A "power of sale" clause is the clause in a deed of trust or mortgage, in which the borrower pre-authorizes the sale of property to pay off the balance on a loan in the event of the their default. In deeds of trust or mortgages where a power of sale exists, the power given to the lender to sell the property may be executed by the lender or their representative, typically referred to as the trustee. Regulations for this type of foreclosure process are outlined below in the "Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines".

Power of Sale Foreclosure Guidelines

If the deed of trust or mortgage contains a power of sale clause and specifies the time, place and terms of sale, then the specified procedure must be followed. Otherwise, the non-judicial power of sale foreclosure is carried out as follows:

1.     The notice of sale must be recorded in the county where the property is located and given to the borrower and the occupants of the property (if not the borrower) at least one hundred twenty (120) days before the date of the sale.

The notice must be published in the newspapers in the county where the property is located at least once a week for four (4) consecutive weeks. The final ad must be run not less than thirty (30) days in advance of the foreclosure. The published notice must contact a legal description of the property, its street address and the name and phone number of someone who can give directions.

Said notice must describe the nature of the default, a legal description of the property, as well its street address, the lender's name, the date, time, and place of the sale, and the name and phone number of the person conducting the sale.

2.     The foreclosure sale must take place on the date, at the time and at the place specified in the notice. However, the sale may be postponed and held at a new time and place, so long as it is within thirty (30) days of the originally scheduled sale.

If the property consists of more than twenty (20) acres, the buyer has a period of one (1) year to redeem said property. If it is less than twenty (20) acres, the period of time is lessened to six months.

Quick Facts
-  Judicial Foreclosure Available: Yes
-  Non-Judicial Foreclosure Available: No
-  Primary Security Instrument: Mortgage
-  Timeline: Typically 210 days
-  Right of Redemption: No
-  Deficiency Judgments Allowed: Yes

Lenders in Illinois have a number of options available to them to foreclose on a mortgage in default.

Judicial Foreclosure
A notice of the lenders intent to foreclose must be given to the borrower, and any other person entitled by Illinois statutes to receive notice, at least thirty (30) days prior to the courts judgment of foreclosure.

If the court finds in favor of the lender and issues a notice of sale, the sale will be conducted on the terms and conditions specified in the notice of sale, provided they meet the minimum standards provided in the Illinois Statutes.

The sheriff or any judge within the county where the property is located may conduct the sale. The borrower has no rights of redemption after the foreclosure sale.

Deed in Lieu of Foreclosure
If the borrower has defaulted on the mortgage and the lender agrees, the borrower may simply give the deed to the lender and his interests in the property securing the deed will be terminated. If the lender agrees and accepts the deed, they may not seek to obtain a deficiency judgment against the borrower at any time afterward.

Consent Foreclosure
In this type of foreclosure, the court enters a judgment satisfying the mortgage by giving absolute title to the property secured by the mortgage to the lender. The borrower has no rights of redemption after this type of foreclosure judgment has been rendered and the lender may not file for a deficiency judgment.

Lenders may also foreclose on a mortgage in default by using the common law strict foreclosure method, but Illinois law does not permit non-judicial power of sale foreclosures.